Sanin ruwan tabarau
Na farko, ruwan tabarau na gani
Gilashin gyaran gyare-gyare: babban manufar aikace-aikacen gilashin shine don gyara kuskuren refractive na idon ɗan adam da kuma ƙara hangen nesa.Gilashin da ke da irin wannan aikin ana kiran su "gilashin gyarawa".
Gilashin gyare-gyare yawanci ruwan tabarau ne guda ɗaya, wanda aka yi da gilashi ko filastik mai tsabta.Mafi sauƙaƙa shi ne haɗe-haɗe na nau'i biyu masu ɗauke da wasu fa'ida kuma iri ɗaya stroma mai ɗorewa wanda ya fi iska, wanda ake kira ruwan tabarau tare.Hasken tarwatsewar da ke fitowa daga wuri akan wani abu na sararin samaniya ana lankwasa shi ta hanyar ruwan tabarau don samar da wurin hoto guda ɗaya kuma ana haɗa wuraren hoto da yawa don samar da hoto.
Lens:
Dangane da kaddarorin ruwan tabarau, ana iya raba shi zuwa ruwan tabarau mai kyau ko ruwan tabarau mara kyau.
1. Plus Lens
Hakanan an san shi da ruwan tabarau convex, haɗin haske, tare da "+".
(2) Rage Lens
Har ila yau, an san shi da ruwan tabarau na concave, hasken yana da tasirin tarwatsawa, wanda aka nuna ta "-".
Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban guda biyu game da dalilin da ya sa gilashin gyaran fuska zai iya gyara kuskuren idon ɗan adam:
1. Bayan an haɗa ido mai refractive aberration tare da ruwan tabarau mai gyara, an samar da haɗin kai gabaɗaya.Wannan haɗe-haɗe na refractive yana da sabon diopter, wanda zai iya yin hoton abu mai nisa akan Layer na photoreceptor na retina na ido.
2. A cikin idanu masu nisa, dole ne a hada katako kafin su hade ta cikin idanun mutane;A cikin idanuwan myopic, dole ne katako ya bambanta kafin su haɗu da idon ɗan adam.Ana amfani da diopter ɗin da ya dace na gilashin orthotic don canza bambancin katako da ke kaiwa ido.
Kalmomi gama gari don ruwan tabarau mai siffar zobe
Curvature: Curvature na wani yanki.
Radius na curvature: radius na curvature na baka mai siffar zobe.Mafi guntuwar radius na curvature, mafi girma curvature na baka mai siffar zobe.
ø Cibiyar gani: Lokacin da hasken haske ya haskaka a wannan wuri, babu jujjuyawar da ke faruwa.
Ƙwayoyin haske masu kama da juna suna haɗuwa zuwa wuri bayan wucewa ta cikin ruwan tabarau, ko layin tsawo na baya ya haɗu zuwa wuri, wanda ake kira Focus.
The refraction na tabarau
A cikin 1899, Gullstrand ya ba da shawarar ɗaukar juzu'i na tsayin daka a matsayin sashin juzu'i na ruwan tabarau, wanda ake kira "Dioptre" ko "D" (wanda kuma aka sani da digiri na tsakiya).
D=1/f
Inda, f shine tsawon ruwan tabarau a cikin mita;D yana nufin diopter.
Misali: tsayin mai da hankali shine mita 2, D=1/2=0.50D
Tsayin mai da hankali shine 0.25 m, D=1/0.25=4.00D
Spherical diopter
Formula: F = N '- (N)/R
R shine radius na curvature na wani yanki a cikin mita.N 'da N su ne ma'auni na refractive kafofin watsa labarai a bangarorin biyu na fagen.Don gilashin kambi, lokacin R = 0.25 m,
F= (1.523-1.00) /0.25=2.092D
Ruwan tabarau na ido wani ruwan tabarau ne wanda ya ƙunshi bangarori biyu, wanda diopters ɗinsa yayi daidai da jimlar algebraic diopters mai siffar zobe na gaba da na baya.
D=F1+F2= (n1-n) /R1+ (N-n1) /R2= (N1-1) (1/R1-1/R2)
Saboda haka, refraction na ruwan tabarau yana da alaƙa da ma'anar refractive na kayan ruwan tabarau da radius na curvature na gaba da na baya na ruwan tabarau.Radius na curvature na gaba da na baya na ruwan tabarau iri ɗaya ne, kuma ma'anar refractive ya fi girma, cikakkiyar ƙimar diopter ruwan tabarau ya fi girma.Akasin haka, ruwan tabarau tare da diopter iri ɗaya yana da babban maƙasudin refractive da ƙaramin radius bambanci tsakanin gaba da baya.
Biyu, nau'in ruwan tabarau
Rarraba (hasken haske) ta hanyar kaddarorin masu karkatarwa
Lebur madubi: lebur madubi, babu madubi;
Mudubi mai siffa: haske mai siffar zobe;
Silindrical madubi: astigmatism;
3. Don canza alkiblar haske (don gyara wasu cututtukan ido).
Dangane da yanayin mayar da hankali
Ruwan tabarau mara hankali: lebur, priism;
Ruwan tabarau guda ɗaya: myopia, ruwan tabarau na hangen nesa;
Multifocal ruwan tabarau: ruwan tabarau mai zurfi biyu ko ruwan tabarau mai ci gaba
Dangane da kaddarorin aiki
Gyaran gani
Refractive mara kyau
dysregulation
Amblyopia madubi
kariya
Kariya daga haske mai cutarwa;
Sarrafa haske bayyane (Gilashin tabarau)
Kariya daga abubuwa masu cutarwa (tallon kariya)
Dangane da abubuwan kayan
Kayan halitta
Gilashin abu
Kayan filastik
Na uku, haɓaka kayan ruwan tabarau
Kayan halitta
Ruwan tabarau na Crystal: Babban sashi shine silica.Rarraba zuwa mara launi da tawny iri biyu.
Abũbuwan amfãni: wuya, ba sauƙin sa ba;Ba sauƙin jika (hazo ba shi da sauƙin riƙewa a samansa);Matsakaicin haɓakar haɓakar thermal kaɗan ne.
Rashin hasara: uv yana da fayyace na musamman, mai sauƙin haifar da gajiya na gani;Yawanci ba daidai ba ne, mai sauƙin ɗaukar ƙazanta, yana haifar da birefringence;Yana da tsada.
gilashin
1. Tarihi:
Ana amfani da gilashin Corona gabaɗaya, kuma babban ɓangaren silica ne.Watsawar hasken da ake iya gani shine 80% -91.6% kuma ma'anar refractive shine 1.512-1.53.Duk da haka, idan akwai babban rashin daidaituwa, ana amfani da gilashin gubar tare da babban ma'anar refractive na 1.6-1.9.
2, Halayen gani:
(1) Fihirisar magana: n=1.523, 1.702, da sauransu
(2) tarwatsewa: saboda akwai rarrabuwar kawuna daban-daban na tsawon tsawon haske daban-daban
(3) Tunani na haske: mafi girman ma'anar refractive, mafi girman tunani
(4) sha: lokacin da haske ya ratsa cikin gilashin, ƙarfinsa yana raguwa tare da karuwar kauri.
(5) Birefringence: isotropy gabaɗaya ana buƙata
(6) Digiri na fringe: saboda rashin daidaituwar sinadarai a cikin gilashin, ma'anar refractive a gefuna ya bambanta da babban jikin gilashin, yana shafar ingancin hoto.
3. Nau'in ruwan tabarau na gilashi:
(1) Toric Allunan
Wanda kuma aka sani da farantin farantin, farantin fari, farantin gani na gani
Abubuwan asali: sodium titanium silicate
Siffofin: m mara launi, babban ma'anar;Yana iya sha ultraviolet haskoki kasa 330A, da kuma ƙara CeO2 da TiO2 zuwa farin kwamfutar hannu don hana ultraviolet haskoki kasa 346A, wanda ake kira UV farar kwamfutar hannu.Watsawar hasken da ake iya gani shine 91-92%, kuma index refractive shine 1.523.
(2) Croxus kwamfutar hannu
William na Ingila a 1914. Croxus ya ƙirƙira.
Halaye: watsa haske 87%
Tasirin launi biyu: shuɗi mai haske a ƙarƙashin hasken rana, wanda kuma aka sani da shuɗi.Amma a cikin incandescent fitila ne haske ja (dauke da neodymium karfe kashi) iya sha 340A kasa ultraviolet, wani ɓangare na infrared da 580A rawaya bayyane haske;Yanzu ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba
(3) Allunan Croseto
CeO2 da MnO2 ana ƙara su cikin kayan farin ruwan tabarau na tushe don haɓaka ƙarfin sha na ultraviolet.Irin wannan ruwan tabarau kuma ana kiransa jajayen zane saboda yana nuna haske ja a ƙarƙashin hasken rana da fitilar wuta.
Siffofin: yana iya ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet a ƙasa 350A;Mai watsawa yana sama da 88%;
(4) Fim mai bakin ciki
Ƙara TiO2 da PbO zuwa albarkatun ƙasa yana ƙara ma'anar refractive.Indexididdigar refractive shine 1.70,
Siffofin: game da 1/3 na bakin ciki fiye da farar fata na kowa ko jan kwamfutar hannu tare da diopter iri ɗaya, wanda ya dace da babban myopia, kyakkyawan bayyanar;Abbe coefficient yana da ƙasa, ɓarna launi yana da girma, mai sauƙin haifar da raguwar hangen nesa, lankwasa layi, launi;High surface reflectivity.
(5) 1.60 gilashin ruwan tabarau
Features: Ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa ita ce 1.60, mafi girma fiye da ruwan tabarau na gilashi (1.523), kuma mafi girma fiye da ultra-bakin ruwan tabarau (1.70) yana da ƙananan rabo, don haka yana da sauƙi, ya dace da masu matsakaicin digiri, wasu masana'antun suna kiransa ultra-light. da ruwan tabarau mai bakin ciki.
Filastik ruwan tabarau
Na farko thermoplastic ruwan tabarau yi a 1940 (Acrylic)
A cikin 1942, Pittsburgh plate Glass Company, Amurka, ya ƙirƙira kayan CR-39, (C yana nufin Columbia Space Agency, R yana nufin Resin Resin) yayin da yake shirya kayan don Jirgin Sama na NASA.
A cikin 1954, Essilor ya yi ruwan tabarau na cr-39
A cikin 1956, kamfanin Essilor a Faransa ya sami nasarar yin gwaji-samar da ruwan tabarau na gani tare da CR-39.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana amfani da ruwan tabarau na resin sosai a duniya.A cikin 1994, adadin tallace-tallace na duniya ya kai kashi 30% na adadin ruwan tabarau.
Ruwan tabarau na kayan filastik:
1, polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic sheet, ACRYLICLENS)]
Features: refractive index 1.499;Musamman nauyi 1.19;An yi amfani da su da wuri don ruwan tabarau mai wuya;Taurin ba shi da kyau, saman yana da sauƙin karce;Yanzu ana amfani dashi don gilashin da aka shirya, kamar gilashin karatun da aka shirya.
Ribobi: Fiye da ruwan tabarau na gilashi.
Rashin hasara: taurin ƙasa kamar ruwan tabarau na gilashi;Abubuwan gani na gani sun yi ƙasa da ruwan tabarau na gilashi.
2, takardar guduro (mafi yawan wakilci shine CR-39)
Halaye: Sunan sinadarai shine propylene diethylene glycol carbonate, abu ne mai wuya kuma mai haske;Indexididdigar refractive shine 1.499;Watsawa 92%;Thermal kwanciyar hankali: babu nakasawa a kasa 150 ℃;Kyakkyawan ruwa da juriya na lalata (sai dai acid mai ƙarfi), wanda ba zai iya narkewa a cikin kaushi na kwayoyin halitta gaba ɗaya.
Abũbuwan amfãni: takamaiman nauyi na 1.32, rabin gilashi, haske;Tasirin juriya, rashin karyewa, ma'anar tsaro mai ƙarfi (daidai da ka'idodin FDA);Jin dadi don sawa;Daidaitaccen aiki, amfani mai faɗi (ciki har da amfani da rabin firam, firam mara nauyi);Jerin samfuran arziki (haske guda ɗaya, haske biyu, mai da hankali da yawa, cataract, canjin launi, da sauransu);Ƙarfin ɗaukarsa na uv yana da sauƙi sama da na gilashin gilashi;Ana iya yin rina zuwa launuka daban-daban;
Ƙarfin zafin jiki yana da ƙasa, kuma "hazo na ruwa" da tururin ruwa ya haifar ya fi gilashin gilashi.
Rashin hasara: rashin ƙarfi juriya na ruwan tabarau, mai sauƙin karce;Tare da ƙananan maƙasudin refractive, ruwan tabarau yana da kauri 1.2-1.3 fiye da ruwan tabarau na gilashi.
Ci gaba:
(1) Don shawo kan lalacewa juriya na kayan, a tsakiyar 1980s, da ruwan tabarau surface hardening fasahar yi nasara;Babban ruwan tabarau na guduro, taurin saman saman na 2-3h, bayan taurin magani, taurin har zuwa 4-5h, a halin yanzu, kamfanoni da yawa sun ƙaddamar da taurin har zuwa 6-7h super hard resin ruwan tabarau.(2) Domin a rage kauri na ruwan tabarau, an ƙera zanen gadon resin tare da fihirisa daban-daban cikin nasara.
(3) Maganin hazo mai hana ruwa: shafi Layer na fim mai wuyar gaske, alhakin kwayoyin danshi mai danshi, alhakin kwayoyin shayar danshi, kwayoyin taurin saman.Lokacin da zafi na muhalli ya yi ƙasa da na ruwan tabarau, membrane yana fitar da danshi.Lokacin da zafi na muhalli ya fi na ruwan tabarau, membrane yana sha ruwa.Lokacin da zafi na yanayi ya fi ƙarfin ruwan tabarau, ƙwayoyin danshi masu ɗanɗano suna juya ruwa mai yawa zuwa fim na ruwa.
3. Polycarbonate (PC tablet) kuma ana kiransa ruwan tabarau na sarari a kasuwa.
Siffofin: refractive index 1.586;Hasken nauyi;Musamman dace da frameless Frames.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Ƙarfafa juriya mai ƙarfi;Mafi jure tasiri fiye da ruwan tabarau na guduro.
ruwan tabarau na musamman
Fim ɗin Photochromic
Features: azurfa halide barbashi ana kara zuwa albarkatun kasa na ruwan tabarau.A karkashin aikin hasken ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana, halide na azurfa yana bazuwa zuwa ions halogen da ions na azurfa, don haka canza launi.Dangane da tsananin hasken ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana, matakin canza launin shima ya bambanta;Lokacin da uv ya ɓace, ruwan tabarau ya canza zuwa launi na asali.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Yana gyara kurakurai masu rarrafe ga marasa lafiya kuma ya ninka kamar gilashin rana a waje.
Zai iya daidaita haske a cikin ido a kowane lokaci don kula da hangen nesa mai kyau;Ba tare da la'akari da yanayin rashin launi ba, koyaushe yana ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet da kyau;
Rashin hasara: ruwan tabarau mai kauri, gabaɗaya gilashin 1.523;Lokacin da digiri ya yi girma, launi ba daidai ba (mai sauƙi a tsakiya).Bayan dogon lokacin ruwan tabarau, tasirin canza launi da saurin canza launi yana raguwa;Launi na takarda ɗaya bai dace ba
Abubuwan da ke haifar da canza launi
1, nau'in tushen haske: ultraviolet gajeren raƙuman haske mai haske, canjin launi mai sauri, babban taro;Ultraviolet mai tsayi mai tsayin haske mai haske, jinkirin canjin launi, ƙaramin taro.
2. Ƙarfin haske: Yawan tsayin haske, da sauri launi ya canza kuma mafi girma da hankali (fila da dusar ƙanƙara).
3, zafin jiki: mafi girman zafin jiki, saurin canjin launi, mafi girman taro.
4, ruwan tabarau kauri: da kauri da ruwan tabarau, da zurfin da discoloration taro (ba wani tasiri a kan gudun)
Nasihu don siyar da allunan photochromic
1. Lokacin canza takarda ɗaya, launi sau da yawa ba daidai ba ne.Ana ba da shawarar cewa abokan ciniki su canza guda biyu a lokaci guda.
2, saboda jinkirin faduwa, sau da yawa a ciki da waje abokan ciniki, ba a ba da shawarar (dalibi)
3. Saboda daban-daban na ruwan tabarau kauri da discoloration taro, an bada shawarar kada a dace idan diopter bambanci tsakanin abokin ciniki ta idanu biyu ne fiye da 2.00d.
4, high myopia jin baki, wani gefe da tsakiyar launi bambanci, ba kyau.
5, karatun gilashin tasirin launi na tsakiya yana da ƙasa, ba tare da ruwan tabarau mai canza launi ba.
6, bambanci tsakanin ruwan tabarau na gida da shigo da kaya: na gida fiye da shigo da ruwan tabarau jinkirin launi, jinkirin fade, launi mai zurfi, shigo da launi mai laushi.
Ruwan tabarau na anti-radiation:
A cikin kayan ruwan tabarau don ƙara abubuwa na musamman ko fim ɗin anti-reflective na musamman, toshe hasken radiation don sauƙaƙe gajiyawar ido.
Ruwan tabarau na aspherical:
Jirgin juyi (kamar parabola) yana da sashe iri ɗaya mara kewaya akan duk meridians.Ra'ayin gefen ba shi da murdiya kuma yana da 1/3 sirara fiye da ruwan tabarau na al'ada (priism yana da bakin ciki).
Ruwan tabarau na polarizing:
Ruwan tabarau mai haske wanda ke girgiza ta hanya ɗaya kawai ana kiransa ruwan tabarau mai polarizing.
Manufar yin amfani da ruwan tabarau na polarizing: don toshe walƙiyar hasken da ke haskakawa a saman fili.
Kariyar don amfani:
(1) Ƙarfafawa ba shi da kyau, dogon lokaci tare da ruwa, fim din fuskar yana da sauƙi ya fadi.
(2) lokacin shigar da firam ɗin madubi, idan akwai damuwa na ciki, zai shafi tasirin polarization.
yanki mai haske biyu
Fasaloli: akwai maki biyu mai da hankali kan ruwan tabarau ɗaya, da ƙaramin ruwan tabarau da aka sama akan ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun;An yi amfani da shi ga marasa lafiya tare da presbyopia don ganin nesa da kusa a madadin;Na sama shine haske lokacin kallon nesa (wani lokaci lebur), kuma ƙananan haske shine haske lokacin karantawa;Ana kiran ƙimar tazarar haske babba, ƙimar kusa ana kiranta ƙananan haske, kuma bambancin haske na sama da ƙasa shine ADD (ƙara haske).
Abvantbuwan amfãni: marasa lafiya na presbyopia ba sa buƙatar maye gurbin gilashin lokacin da suka ga kusa da nesa.
Hasara: duba nisa kuma duba kusa da jujjuyawa lokacin tsalle sabon abu (tasirin priism);Babu shakka ya bambanta da ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun a bayyanar.Filin hangen nesa ya fi karami.
Dangane da nau'in ɓangaren haske a ƙarƙashin ruwan tabarau na bifocal, ana iya raba shi zuwa:
Hasken haske
Fasaloli: matsakaicin filin gani a ƙarƙashin haske, ƙaramin hoton tsalle-tsalle, ƙananan launi, babban kauri, kyakkyawan tasiri, babban nauyi
Flat biyu haske
Dome Double Light (haske biyu marar ganuwa)
Halaye: layin iyaka ba a bayyane yake ba;Kauri gefen ba ya ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka matakin kusa da amfani;Amma abin mamaki na tsallen hoto a bayyane yake
Ruwan tabarau na ci gaba na multifocus
Siffofin: Mahimman bayanai masu yawa akan ruwan tabarau iri ɗaya;Matsayin ƙungiyar ci gaba a tsakiyar ruwan tabarau yana canzawa aya ta aya daga sama zuwa ƙasa.
Abũbuwan amfãni: ruwan tabarau iri ɗaya na iya gani mai nisa, matsakaici da nisa kusa;Ruwan tabarau ba shi da iyakoki a bayyane, don haka ba shi da sauƙi a lura.Daga gefen tsaye na tsakiya na idanu ba sa jin tsalle-tsalle.
Rashin hasara: Babban farashi;Gwajin yana da wahala;Akwai wuraren makafi a bangarorin biyu na ruwan tabarau;Lens mai kauri, gabaɗaya kayan guduro 1.50 (sabon 1.60)
Kwatanta halaye tsakanin ruwan tabarau na bifocal da ruwan tabarau mai mahimmanci mai asymptotic
Haske biyu:
(1) Akwai bambance-bambance a bayyane tsakanin yankuna daban-daban.Siffar ba ta da kyau, yana ba mutane ra'ayi cewa mai sawa ya tsufa
(2) tazarar tazara mai ban mamaki, kamar: wasan mahjong, da sauransu.
(3) Saboda kasancewar maki biyu masu mahimmanci, wanda ke haifar da cikas na gani: hoton da ya yi tsalle ko tsalle, ta yadda mai amfani ya ji motsin tafiya a kan fanko, rashin amincewa da tafiya a kan matakala ko tsakanin tituna.
(4) Amfani da haɓaka abubuwan haɓaka kayan suna iyakance.
Matakai:
(1) Daga nesa zuwa kusa da layin gani mara yankewa, tazarar ta tsakiya ta bayyana.
(2) Kyakykyawan kamanni, babu tazara mai gani.
(3) Yi tsalle ba tare da hoto ba, tafiya da tabbaci akan matakala da tsakanin tituna.
(4) Dukansu zane da kayan suna haɓakawa.
(5) mafi bakin ciki fiye da ruwan tabarau guda ɗaya.
(6)Yanke gajiyar ido da inganta lafiyar gani.
Multi-focus ruwan tabarau sun dace da abubuwa
(1) Presbyopia, musamman farkon presbyopia.
(2) Wadanda basu gamsu da sanya gilashin biyu (gani nesa da gani kusa).
(3)Wadanda basu gamsu da sanya rigar bifocal na gargajiya ba.
(4) Matasa myopia marasa lafiya.
Na sana'a:
Ya dace da: masu canza ido akai-akai, furofesoshi (lecturing), masu kulawa (taro), masu kantin sayar da kayayyaki, 'yan wasan katin.
Mara kyau: likitan hakori, lantarki ko ma'aikatan kulawa na injiniya (sau da yawa dole ne su rufe strabismus ko duba sama), lokacin aiki na kusa ya yi tsayi sosai, idan kuna buƙatar kai mai motsi na yau da kullun, ko kuna buƙatar kusa da hangen nesa lokacin kallon sama, kamar kallon tebur ko shiryayye akan bango (matukin jirgi da ma'aikatan wutar lantarki, manyan masu sarrafa kayan aiki), ko don duban hangen nesa mai nisa (ma'aikatan gini, da sauransu)
A ilimin halittar jiki:
Ya dace da: Matsayin ido da haɗuwa na al'ada, bambancin digiri na gilashi biyu ƙananan mutum, dangin gilashin myopia
Mara kyau: strabismus ko ɓoye strabismus, fatar ido hypertrophic yana hana layin gani, babban astigmatism, babban haske mai girma da ADD babban matakin mutane.
Ta shekaru:
Ya dace da: marasa lafiya na farko na presbyopia a kusa da shekaru 40 (mai sauƙi don daidaitawa saboda ƙananan digiri na ADD)
Marasa kyau: A halin yanzu, ADD na wasan farko a China yana da girma sosai.Idan ADD ya wuce 2.5d, ko yanayin yanayin jiki yana da kyau ko a'a yakamata a yi la'akari da shi.
Daga tarihin sanya madubi:
Ya dace da: masu sanye da bifocals na baya, myopic presbyopia ( ruwan tabarau na ci gaba da yawa masu mahimmanci sune mafi sauƙi don daidaitawa)
Wanda bai dace ba: na asali baya sanya ruwan tabarau na astigmatism, yanzu digirin astigmatism ya fi girma ko kuma yana da tarihin sa ruwan tabarau amma astigmatism ya yi yawa (gaba ɗaya fiye da 2.00d);Anisometropia;
Yadda za a bayyana umarnin amfani ga baƙi
(1) Gabatar da rabon digiri na ruwan tabarau da rarraba aberration
(2) Lokacin da abokin ciniki ya sanya idanu, shiryar da abokin ciniki don nemo mafi kyawun wurin gani ta hanyar motsa matsayin kai (matsar da idanu sama da ƙasa, matsar da kai hagu da dama)
(3) gabaɗaya kwanaki 3-14 na lokacin daidaitawa, don haka kwakwalwar ta samar da yanayi mai sharadi, a hankali daidaitawa (ƙara digiri, lokacin daidaitawa yana da tsayi).
Alamomin matsaloli tare da ruwan tabarau masu ci gaba
Yankin karatu ya yi kankanta sosai
Rushewar kusa da gani
Dizziness, rashin jin daɗi, jin yawo, jijjiga
Rushewar hangen nesa mai nisa da abubuwa masu duhu
Juya ko karkatar da kai don gani lokacin karatu
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa na matsaloli tare da ruwan tabarau masu ci gaba
Ba daidai ba tazara tsakanin dalibi ido daya
Tsawon ruwan tabarau ba daidai ba ne
Diopter mara daidai
Zaɓin firam ɗin da ba daidai ba da sawa
Canji a cikin baka mai tushe (yawanci lallausan ƙasa)
Umarci abokin ciniki don amfani da ruwan tabarau na ci gaba
(1) Amfani da yanki mai nisa
"Da fatan za a duba nesa kuma ku mai da hankali kan hangen nesa mai haske" yana nuna canje-canje a cikin duhu da haske mai nisa yayin da haƙar ke motsawa sama da ƙasa.
(2) Amfani da kusa da wurin amfani
"Don Allah ku dubi jarida ku duba inda kuke gani sosai."Nuna canje-canje a hangen nesa lokacin motsa kan ku daga gefe zuwa gefe ko motsi jarida.
(3) Amfani da yanki na tsakiya
"Don Allah ku dubi jarida ku duba inda kuke gani sosai."Matsar da jarida waje don ƙara nisa karatu.Nuna yadda za a iya maido da hangen nesa ta hanyar daidaita matsayin kai ko motsa jarida.Nuna canje-canje a hangen nesa lokacin motsa kai ko jarida gefe zuwa gefe.
Biyar, wasu mahimman sigogi na ruwan tabarau
Ma'anar refractive
Ƙididdiga mai jujjuyawa na ruwan tabarau yana ƙaddara ta kayan da aka yi amfani da su.Sauran sigogin kasancewar iri ɗaya ne, ruwan tabarau mai babban fihirisar refractive ya fi bakin ciki.
Lens diopter (mayar da hankali)
A cikin raka'a na D, 1D yana daidai da abin da ake kira 100 digiri.
Kauri na tsakiyar ruwan tabarau (T)
Don kayan abu ɗaya da haske, kauri na tsakiya kai tsaye yana ƙayyade kauri na gefen ruwan tabarau.A ka'ida, ƙananan kauri na tsakiya, mafi ƙarancin bayyanar ruwan tabarau, amma ƙananan kauri na tsakiya zai haifar.
1. Lenses suna da rauni, marasa lafiya don sawa kuma suna da wahalar sarrafawa da sufuri.
2. Hasken tsakiya yana da sauƙin canzawa.Don haka ma'aunin ƙasa yana da daidai ƙa'ida zuwa kauri na cibiyar ruwan tabarau, ainihin ingantaccen ruwan tabarau na iya zama mai kauri maimakon.Amintaccen kauri daga ruwan tabarau na gilashin> 0.7mm Tsararren kauri na ruwan tabarau na guduro> 1.1mm
Diamita na ruwan tabarau
Yana nufin diamita na m zagaye ruwan tabarau.
Girman diamita na ruwan tabarau, zai zama sauƙi ga mai ƙirƙira don samun nisan ɗalibin abokin ciniki daidai.
Girman diamita, mafi girma a tsakiya
Mafi girman diamita na ruwan tabarau, mafi girman farashin daidai yake
Shida, anti - fasahar fim
(1) tsangwama na haske;Don haka rufin ya haskaka haske da ruwan tabarau suna nuna haske da ƙura da ruwa sun yi daidai.
(2) Sharuɗɗa don yin adadin nunin sifilin ruwan tabarau (fim ɗin monolayer):
A. Ma'anar ma'auni na kayan shafa daidai yake da tushen murabba'i na ma'auni na kayan aikin ruwan tabarau.Lokacin n=1.523, n1=1.234.
B. A shafi kauri ne 1/4 na wavelength na abin da ya faru haske, rawaya wavelength ne 550nm, da shafi kauri ne 138 nm.
(3) Kayan shafawa da hanyoyin
Abu: MgF2, Sb2O3, SiO2
Hanyoyi: Vacuum a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafi mai zafi
(4) Halayen ruwan tabarau mai rufi
Abũbuwan amfãni: inganta watsawa, ƙara tsabta;Kyakkyawa, babu tunani a fili;Rage vortexes na ruwan tabarau (haske yana haifar da vortexes ta hanyar haske daga gefen ruwan tabarau da ke nuna gaba da baya na ruwan tabarau sau da yawa);Cire hasashe (safin ciki na ruwan tabarau yana yarda da hasken abin da ya faru a baya a cikin ido, wanda ke da sauƙin samar da gajiya na gani);Ƙarfafa juriya ga haske mai cutarwa (mafi kyawun nunawa ta bambanci tare da ruwan tabarau marasa membrane).
Rashin hasara: tabo mai, alamun yatsa suna nunawa a fili;Launin fim ɗin a bayyane yake daga kusurwar gefe
Bakwai, zaɓin ruwan tabarau
Bukatar abokin ciniki don ruwan tabarau: kyakkyawa, dadi da aminci
Kyawawan da bakin ciki: index refractive, inji ƙarfi
Durability: juriya na sawa, babu nakasu
Ba mai nuni ba: ƙara fim
Ba datti: fim mai hana ruwa
Haske mai dadi:
Good Tantancewar Properties: haske watsa, watsawa index, dyeability
Amintaccen juriya na uv da juriya mai tasiri
Yadda ake taimaki abokan ciniki su zaɓi ruwan tabarau:
1. Zaɓi kayan bisa ga buƙatun
Juriyar tasiri: saduwa da gwajin SAFETY na daidaitattun FDA, ruwan tabarau ba ya cikin sauƙin karyewa.
Lens fari: kyakkyawan tsari na polymerization, ƙananan alamar rawaya, ba sauƙin tsufa ba, kyakkyawan bayyanar.
Haske: ƙayyadaddun nauyi yana da ƙasa, mai sawa yana jin haske da jin dadi, kuma babu matsa lamba akan hanci.
Juriya na sawa: amfani da sabuwar fasahar siliki oxide mai wuya, juriyar sa ta kusa da gilashi.
2. Zaɓi alamar refractive bisa ga hasken abokin ciniki
3, bisa ga abokin ciniki yana buƙatar zaɓar jiyya mai dacewa
4. Zaɓi samfuran bisa ga farashin tunanin abokan ciniki
5. Sauran bukatu
Dole ne a fahimci ƙididdiga na kowane nau'in ruwan tabarau bisa ainihin yanayin kantin, gami da:
1. Inventory na data kasance kayayyakin
2, za a iya musamman ga factory yanki kewayon, sake zagayowar
3. Ruwan tabarau waɗanda ba za a iya yin su ba
Rashin hasara: aiki yana da wahala;Sama mai sauƙi don karce, rashin kwanciyar hankali na zafi, canjin ma'aunin Celsius 100
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-01-2021